However, evidence for possible antihyperlipidemic activity of cocoa has been limited and mixed. Numerous cardioprotective effects of cocoa products have been reported, such as improved heart function, decreased oxidative susceptibility of LDL-cholesterol and reduced platelet activation, as shown by several comprehensive reviews 5 ) ( 8 ) ( 9. Cocoa intake is also associated with several beneficial health effects, particularly reduced risks of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and CVD 8 ) ( 9. Consumption of cocoa is related to higher-quality diets, including higher intakes of protein, antioxidants and a number of vitamins and mineral elements 8. However, it is now used on a much larger scale as a basic ingredient for numerous chocolate products and confectionaries 7. Cocoa is traditionally consumed as a beverage with or without milk. Nowadays, cocoa is grown mainly in Indonesia, Sri Lanka and West Africa 6. It is originated in Mexico and is central to the local diet 6. Nowadays, there is growing interest in the use of plant foods for the prevention and management of CVD and other related disorders, with a special emphasis on cocoa and its products 5.Ĭocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most ancient cultivated human crops. Therefore, identifying dietary factors that may favorably affect serum lipids is of great importance.Ĭurrent management of CVD involves various lifestyle changes, dietary and exercise regimes 4 and the use of drugs or medical interventions 2. Given the several health risks and public health burdens of CVD 1, 3, its prevention or management is becoming a major challenge. The epidemic of CVD is now a global phenomenon, and remains the highest cause of death worldwide 3.
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Dyslipidemia is also a target of CVD risk scoring for stratification and prevention 1. In effect, cholesterol plaques are distinctive features of the atherosclerotic lesions 2. Classically, dyslipidemia includes high total cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and high triglycerides.
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Atherosclerosis is crucial to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is strongly related to dyslipidemia 1.